Abstract
Background: An intensive cardiac/coronary care unit (ICCU) plays a crucial role in managing cardiovascular emergencies globally. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major contributors to global mortality, with the burden notably affecting the Indian population. The ICCU specializes in life-saving interventions for acute conditions such as acute coronary syndromes and cardiac arrhythmias. Swift administration of specific drug groups, including antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytics, is imperative for optimal patient outcomes.

Aims and Objective: This study aims to analyze drug utilization, morbidity patterns, and medication costs within the ICCU, recognizing the unit’s significance in addressing CVDs.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study, conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital’s ICCU, involved 150 patients over 18 months. Inclusion criteria covered patients admitted for more than 24 h, ensuring a comprehensive analysis. Data collection included patient demographics, medical history, drug charts, and outcomes. Confidentiality measures were strictly adhered to, ensuring patient privacy.

Results: The study highlighted that the majority of ICCU-admitted participants were aged 51–60 years, predominantly male, and exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Unstable angina was the most frequent diagnosis, and drug usage, especially antiplatelets, adhered to ACC/AHA guidelines. Tramadol’s use in place of morphine revealed a significant deviation from recommendations. The study identified inappropriate prescribing behavior, emphasizing the importance of generic names to reduce costs.

Conclusion: This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into ICCU practices, emphasizing the need for adherence to guidelines, standardized prescribing, and cost-effective strategies. The findings contribute to optimized patient care strategies, ensuring timely administration of essential medications and enhancing overall outcomes for individuals facing critical cardiac conditions. The study’s focus on the entire treatment cost adds a unique perspective to existing research, prompting consideration for more efficient and cost-effective practices within ICCUs.

Key words: Intensive Cardiac Care Unit; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Utilization; Pharmacotherapy; ACC/AHA Guidelines