Abstract
Background:
Age-related brain changes can lead to mild cognitive decline, particularly involving the temporal and prefrontal cortices, which may impair hearing and speech discrimination. Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, accelerates cognitive deterioration compared to normal ageing.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate visual and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) as objective indicators of cognitive decline in PD by measuring P100 and P300 latencies and comparing them with age-matched controls.

Methods:
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 50 participants, comprising 25 individuals diagnosed with PD (Group A) and 25 age-matched healthy controls (Group B). Visual evoked potentials (VEP) and cortical auditory evoked potentials were recorded using a standard evoked potential analyzer. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality, independent t-tests, ANCOVA, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation coefficients. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Compared to controls, participants with PD demonstrated significantly prolonged P100 latencies on both the right (p = 0.014) and left (p = 0.003) sides, and increased P300 latency (p = 0.005). No significant differences were observed in the amplitudes of P100 and P300 between groups. MoCA scores in the PD group (mean 22.72 ± 3.13) showed a negative correlation with P300 latency, indicating that greater cognitive impairment was associated with delayed cortical responses.

Conclusion:
Prolonged VEP and CAEP latencies were observed in patients with PD compared with age-matched controls, with P300 latency showing an association with cognitive performance. These findings suggest that evoked potential latencies may indicate alterations in sensory and cognitive processing in PD. However, the cross-sectional design limits the ability to draw conclusions about the utility of these electrophysiological measures for early detection, prediction of cognitive decline, or improvement of clinical outcomes. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to
establish their potential clinical significance.

Key words: Central Nervous System function; Electrophysiology; Event-related brain responses; Neurodegeneration; Sensory processing.