Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Rishu Segan; Vidushi Gupta; Lily Walia; Naveen Mittal

doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

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Original Research
Online Published: 08 Jan 2013

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 3(1): 43-47

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Rishu Segan, Vidushi Gupta, Lily Walia, Naveen Mittal.

Cited By:20

Abstract
Background: Unexplained sudden deaths due cardiac involvement are linked to autonomic neuropathy in diabetics but mechanisms remain unclear. Heart rate and pulse pressure etc have been used to predict cardiovascular risk. But the association of Rate Pressure Product remains unascertained.

Objective: To predict cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy using a non-invasive indicator, rate pressure product.

Materials and Methods: Case control study done on two groups of 20 each, age matched type 2 diabetics with/without cardiac autonomic neuropathy and matched with 20 controls of either sex (n=60). Rate Pressure Product was measured in response to cold pressor and hand grip test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software by paired and unpaired t test.

Results: There was a significant increase in rate pressure product in controls and in patients without autonomic neuropathy after the tests (p<0.001). Patients with autonomic neuropathy had non-significant increase in rate pressure product (p>0.001). The change in RPP (ΔRPP) was least in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy and significant in controls and non-neuropathy diabetics using unpaired t-test ( p< 0.05 ). Resting RPP was recorded highest in diabetic autonomic neuropathy patients.
Conclusion: Heightened resting RPP and failure of Rate Pressure Product increment during cardiac sympathetic stimulation promotes aggravated ischemic episodes. This renders autonomic neuropathy diabetics vulnerable to adverse cardiovascular events leading to increased morbidity and mortality.

Key words: Rate Pressure Product, Autonomic neuropathy, Diabetes Mellitus

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Pubmed Style

Segan R, Gupta V, Walia L, Mittal N. Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 3(1): 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Web Style

Segan R, Gupta V, Walia L, Mittal N. Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=24143 [Access: June 01, 2025]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Segan R, Gupta V, Walia L, Mittal N. Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2013; 3(1): 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Segan R, Gupta V, Walia L, Mittal N. Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2013), [cited June 01, 2025]; 3(1): 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Harvard Style

Segan, R., Gupta, . V., Walia, . L. & Mittal, . N. (2013) Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 3 (1), 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Turabian Style

Segan, Rishu, Vidushi Gupta, Lily Walia, and Naveen Mittal. 2013. Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3 (1), 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

Chicago Style

Segan, Rishu, Vidushi Gupta, Lily Walia, and Naveen Mittal. "Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 3 (2013), 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Segan, R., Gupta, . V., Walia, . L. & Mittal, . N. (2013) Rate pressure product predicts cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3 (1), 43-47. doi:10.5455/njppp.2013.3.43-47

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