Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital

Chaithanya Malalur; Smita Shenoy; Muralidhar Varma; Asha Kamath; Hasitha Manohar; Kavitha Saravu

doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

2026, Vol: 16, Issue: 1

16 / 1Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

Required files to be uploaded

NJPPP Manuscript Submission Form
Title Page

« Previous Article

Original Research
Online Published: 31 Aug 2016

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6(5): 488-493

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital

Chaithanya Malalur, Smita Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Asha Kamath, Hasitha Manohar, Kavitha Saravu.

Cited By:4

Abstract
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antiretrovirals have been a matter of concern as they can affect patient compliance and treatment outcome. Hence, it is important to detect them early and institute appropriate treatment.

Aims and Objective: To assess the prevalence, distribution, causality, severity, predictability and preventability of ADRs to antiretrovirals and to identify risk factors for their development in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive observational study. Data were collected from the case records of adult, treatment naïve HIV-positive patients, newly initiated on antiretroviral drugs, January 2012 onward and closure of data set was on 31st December 2014.

Results: A total of 238 cases met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 56 ADRs were noted. ADRs were observed in 39 males and 17 females. They were common in the age group 51-60 years. Anemia was the most common ADR followed by rash and hyperpigmentation. Most of the ADRs observed were of mild severity, requiring neither change in regimen nor any specific treatment. Zidovudine caused the highest number of ADRs, followed by nevirapine and stavudine. Most ADRs occurred within 6 months of starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). Causality relationship between drug and ADR was graded as possible according to WHO causality assessment scale. No statistically significant correlation of age, gender, weight, hemoglobin, CD4 count and the presence of opportunistic infections to the development of ADRs were noted.

Conclusion: Regular monitoring, early detection of ADRs to antiretrovirals and their treatment is essential to optimize ART.

Key words: Pharmacovigilance; Antiretroviral Therapy; Zidovudine; Tenofovir

	ARTICLE TOOLS
	Abstract
	PDF Fulltext
	How to cite this article
	Citation Tools
	Related Records
	Articles by Chaithanya Malalur Articles by Smita Shenoy Articles by Muralidhar Varma Articles by Asha Kamath Articles by Hasitha Manohar Articles by Kavitha Saravu
	on Google
	on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Malalur C, Shenoy S, Varma M, Kamath A, Manohar H, Saravu K. Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6(5): 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Web Style

Malalur C, Shenoy S, Varma M, Kamath A, Manohar H, Saravu K. Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=230561 [Access: November 02, 2025]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Malalur C, Shenoy S, Varma M, Kamath A, Manohar H, Saravu K. Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2016; 6(5): 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Malalur C, Shenoy S, Varma M, Kamath A, Manohar H, Saravu K. Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2016), [cited November 02, 2025]; 6(5): 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Harvard Style

Malalur, C., Shenoy, . S., Varma, . M., Kamath, . A., Manohar, . H. & Saravu, . K. (2016) Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 6 (5), 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Turabian Style

Malalur, Chaithanya, Smita Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Asha Kamath, Hasitha Manohar, and Kavitha Saravu. 2016. Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6 (5), 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

Chicago Style

Malalur, Chaithanya, Smita Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Asha Kamath, Hasitha Manohar, and Kavitha Saravu. "Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6 (2016), 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Malalur, Chaithanya, Smita Shenoy, Muralidhar Varma, Asha Kamath, Hasitha Manohar, and Kavitha Saravu. "Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6.5 (2016), 488-493. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Malalur, C., Shenoy, . S., Varma, . M., Kamath, . A., Manohar, . H. & Saravu, . K. (2016) Evaluation of adverse drug reaction profile of antiretrovirals in HIV-positive patients in a tertiary care hospital. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6 (5), 488-493. doi:10.5455/njppp.2016.6.0514520072016

About National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology

Contact Information

How to cite this article