Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study

Smitha Nagendrappa; Sudhir Goppenahalli Kumaraswamy; Vinay Hosagavi Ramalingaiah

doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

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Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2024; 14(11): 2391-2397

doi: 10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study

Smitha Nagendrappa, Sudhir Goppenahalli Kumaraswamy, Vinay Hosagavi Ramalingaiah.

Abstract
Background:
Medical students are experiencing more stress than general population and much of research have indicated that various interventions like meditation, mindfulness are of help. It is known that stability of autonomic system is one of the indicators for stress reduction.

Aim:
This prospective study was undertaken to know the effectiveness of alternate nostril breathing in bringing about such changes in cardiovascular autonomic functions.

Methods:
Consenting 60 medical students were recruited and baseline parameters of cardiovascular autonomic functions like Heart rate, Heart rate variability indices, Blood pressure and Galvanic skin response were recorded using computerized-8-channel polygraph. Alternate Nostril Breathing was practiced by the participants under supervision for a duration of 3 months. At the end of the intervention, the study parameters were reassessed. Inferential statistical analysis was done by performing student‘t’ test (two tailed and dependent).

Results:
The results of this study showed statistically significant decrease in Heart rate (p<0.001) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (p<0.005) after the intervention. It was also noted that there was statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in cardiovascular autonomic parameters.

Conclusion:
Regular practice of alternate nostril breathing causes stretch receptors of lung and baroreceptors in aortic and carotid sinuses to synchronise with central autonomic regulatory network involving hypothalamus, prefrontal and limbic cortex. Hence alternate nostril breathing is a simple, practicable and effective meditation technique which alters cardiovascular autonomic functions towards parasympathetic control thus might reduce the stress and cardiovascular morbidity among medical students.

Key words: Alternate nostril breathing, Cardiovascular autonomic functions, Pranayama, Heart rate variability

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Pubmed Style

Nagendrappa S, Kumaraswamy SG, Ramalingaiah VH. Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2024; 14(11): 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Web Style

Nagendrappa S, Kumaraswamy SG, Ramalingaiah VH. Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=216309 [Access: January 17, 2025]. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nagendrappa S, Kumaraswamy SG, Ramalingaiah VH. Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2024; 14(11): 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nagendrappa S, Kumaraswamy SG, Ramalingaiah VH. Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2024), [cited January 17, 2025]; 14(11): 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Harvard Style

Nagendrappa, S., Kumaraswamy, . S. G. & Ramalingaiah, . V. H. (2024) Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 14 (11), 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Turabian Style

Nagendrappa, Smitha, Sudhir Goppenahalli Kumaraswamy, and Vinay Hosagavi Ramalingaiah. 2024. Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14 (11), 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

Chicago Style

Nagendrappa, Smitha, Sudhir Goppenahalli Kumaraswamy, and Vinay Hosagavi Ramalingaiah. "Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 14 (2024), 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nagendrappa, Smitha, Sudhir Goppenahalli Kumaraswamy, and Vinay Hosagavi Ramalingaiah. "Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 14.11 (2024), 2391-2397. Print. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nagendrappa, S., Kumaraswamy, . S. G. & Ramalingaiah, . V. H. (2024) Effect of alternate nostril breathing (Anuloma – Viloma) on cardiovascular autonomic functions: A prospective study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 14 (11), 2391-2397. doi:10.5455/NJPPP.2024.v14.i11.9

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