Abstract
Background: This study investigates the correlation between different blood groups and pulmonary function, hypothesizing that certain blood groups may exhibit unique pulmonary function profiles, potentially influencing susceptibility to respiratory conditions, thereby providing valuable insights for personalized medicine and improving patient care in respiratory health.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this research is to explore the correlation between different blood groups and pulmonary function, with the objective of identifying unique pulmonary function profiles across blood groups, thereby potentially influencing susceptibility to respiratory conditions, and providing valuable insights for personalized medicine to improve patient care in respiratory health.

Materials and Methods: This study, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, involved 102 healthy male and female individuals aged 18–20 years, with no known lung diseases. Participants were informed about the study’s aims, objectives, risks, and benefits, and their voluntary consents were obtained. Blood groups were determined, and basic information was collected. Pulmonary function was assessed using a computerized spirometer developed by RMS company, performing tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)/FVC, forced expiratory flow rate (FEFR), FEF 25–75, and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Faulty procedures were repeated for accuracy, and data were analyzed using single-factor analysis of variance with MedCalc v22.023, considering P > 0.05 as not significant, P < 0.05 as significant, and P < 0.001 as highly significant.

Results: The results of our study indicate significant associations between certain blood groups and various pulmonary function test parameters. The highest obtained FVC was found in the B- blood group, with a significant association (P = 0.041). However, no significant association was found between the percent FVC and blood group (P = 0.924). The FEV1/FVC ratio showed a significant association with the blood group for both obtained and percent values (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). The obtained FEF 25–75 showed a strong association with the blood group (P = 0.013), but no association was found for percent FEF 25–75 (P = 0.328). The obtained FEFR showed a strong association with the blood group (P = 0.031), as did the percent FEFR (P = 0.043). Finally, no association was found between MVV and blood groups (P = 0.656). These findings contribute to our understanding of the complex relationship between blood groups and pulmonary function.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that individuals with the B-positive blood group tend to have higher pulmonary function values, particularly FEV1/FVC and FEFR. However, further research is needed due to the lower sample size and fewer cases in Rh-negative blood groups.

Key words: Pulmonary Function; Blood Group; Forced Expiratory Volume in First Second/Forced Vital Capacity; Forced Expiratory Flow Rate; Spirometry Tests; Pulmonary Function Analysis