Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study

Ramani Gade; Shivaraj B Patil; Pooja Patil; Raghuveer B

doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

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Original Research
Online Published: 10 Jan 2023

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8): 1625-1628

doi: 10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study

Ramani Gade, Shivaraj B Patil, Pooja Patil, Raghuveer B.

Abstract
Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are very commonly prescribed worldwide. Due to this, the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to NSAIDs is increased.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to analyze the ADRs reported to NSAIDs. Patient demographics, organ system affected severity of ADRs, and their causal association with the drug will be studied.

Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective analysis of ADRs reported to oral NSAIDs and its combinations over a period of 5 years from January 2015 to December 2020. Prior ethics committee approval was obtained. These ADRs were collected as part of pharmacovigilance activities.

Results: A total of 100 ADRs were reported due to NSAIDs. Most ADRs due to NSAIDs were reported in 30–39 years age group. Female gender was most affected by ADRs. Diclofenac was the most common NSAID causing ADRs. Skin and subcutaneous organ system was most affected. Six ADRs were reported as serious. Sixty-seven ADRs were categorized as probable using the World Health Organization causality assessment scale.

Conclusion: NSAIDs are commonly prescribed drugs. Analyzing the ADRs reported to NSAIDs will help in finding the risk factors. Based on this knowledge, rational prescription of NSAIDs can be done which will improve the patient safety.

Key words: Adverse Drug Reactions; Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs; Pharmacovigilance

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Pubmed Style

Gade R, Patil SB, Patil P, B R. Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8): 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Web Style

Gade R, Patil SB, Patil P, B R. Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. https://www.njppp.com/?mno=119143 [Access: May 06, 2025]. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Gade R, Patil SB, Patil P, B R. Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2023; 13(2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8): 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Gade R, Patil SB, Patil P, B R. Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. (2023), [cited May 06, 2025]; 13(2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8): 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Harvard Style

Gade, R., Patil, . S. B., Patil, . P. & B, . R. (2023) Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol, 13 (2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8), 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Turabian Style

Gade, Ramani, Shivaraj B Patil, Pooja Patil, and Raghuveer B. 2023. Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 13 (2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8), 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

Chicago Style

Gade, Ramani, Shivaraj B Patil, Pooja Patil, and Raghuveer B. "Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13 (2023), 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Gade, Ramani, Shivaraj B Patil, Pooja Patil, and Raghuveer B. "Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study." National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 13.2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8 (2023), 1625-1628. Print. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Gade, R., Patil, . S. B., Patil, . P. & B, . R. (2023) Adverse drug reactions of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its fixed drug combinations: A 5-year retrospective observational study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 13 (2023, Vol: 13, Issue: 8), 1625-1628. doi:10.5455/njppp.2023.13.12607202204012022

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